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Verse (4:19), Word 23 - Quranic Grammar

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The 23rd word of verse (4:19) is divided into 2 morphological segments. A preposition and passive participle. The prefixed preposition bi is usually translated as "with" or "by". The passive participle is masculine and is in the genitive case (مجرور). The passive participle's triliteral root is ʿayn rā fā (ع ر ف). Together the segments form a preposition phrase known as jār wa majrūr (جار ومجرور).

Chapter (4) sūrat l-nisāa (The Women)


(4:19:23)
bil-maʿrūfi
in kindness.
P – prefixed preposition bi
N – genitive masculine passive participle
جار ومجرور

Verse (4:19)

The analysis above refers to the nineteenth verse of chapter 4 (sūrat l-nisāa):

Sahih International: O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion. And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them unless they commit a clear immorality. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah makes therein much good.

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Language Research Group
University of Leeds
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